Instead, video consists of a very fast succession of horizontal lines that continually cascade down the television screen – streaming top to bottom, before jumping back to the top and then streaming down to the bottom again, repeatedly, almost 60 alternating screen-fulls every second for NTSC, or exactly 50 such screen-fulls per second for PAL and SECAM. Traditional interlaced SD video has no real frame rate, (though the term frame is applied to video, it has a different meaning). To understand these two steps, it is important to understand how video and film differ.įilm (sound film, at least) has remained unchanged for almost a century and creates the illusion of moving images through the rapid projection of still images, frames, upon a screen, typically 24 per second. The video-to-film conversion process consists of two major steps: first, the conversion of video into digital film frames which are then stored on a computer or on HD videotape and secondly, the printing of these digital film frames onto actual film. With the growing presence of digital projection, this is becoming less of a factor.įilm-out of standard-definition video – or any source that has an incompatible frame rate – is the up-conversion of video media to film for theatrical viewing. Until recently, the relatively low cost of video ended when the issue of a theatrical presentation was raised, which required a print for film projection. Video production means substantially lower costs than 16 mm or 35 mm film production on all levels. Many modern documentaries and low-budget films are shot on videotape or other digital video media, instead of film stock, and completed as digital video. The film-out process is different depending on the regional standard of the master videotape in question – NTSC, PAL, or SECAM – or likewise on the several emerging region-independent formats of high definition video (HD video) thus each type is covered separately, taking into account regional film-out industries, methods and technical considerations. Film-out is a broad term that encompasses the conversion of frame rates, color correction, as well as the actual printing, also called scannior recording. Film-out is the process in the computer graphics, video production and filmmaking disciplines of transferring images or animation from videotape or digital files to a traditional film print.
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