Such co-transcriptional translation has become textbook material through images such as Figure 1. If translation was faster than transcription, it would cause the ribosome to “collide” with the RNA polymerase in prokaryotes where the two processes can happen concurrently. Interestingly, since every 3 base pairs code for one amino acid, the rates of the two processes are nearly matched as schematically shown in Figure 2 (see also BNID 108487). coli is carried out by ≈10,000-100,000 ribosomes (BNID 101441) and proceeds at a maximal speed of about 20 aa/sec as shown in Table 2 (BNID 100059, 105067, 108490). coli of both mRNA and the stable rRNA and tRNA, is carried out by ≈1000-10,000 RNA polymerase molecules (BNID 101440) proceeding at a maximal speed of about 40-80 nt/sec as shown in Table 1 (BNID 104900, 104902, 108488). How many virions result from a single viral infection?įigure 2: Back of the envelope calculation comparing the rates of transcription and translation showing they are effectively very similar.How many photons does it take to make a cyanobacterium?.What is the permeability of the cell membrane?.How many ribosomal RNA gene copies are in the genome?.How many chromosome replications occur per generation?.How many cells are there in an organism?.A Quantitative Miscellany – Introduction.What is the error rate in transcription and translation?.What is the mutation rate during genome replication?.How genetically similar are two random people?.How many chromosomes are found in different organisms?.How quickly do different cells in the body replace themselves?.How long do the different stages of the cell cycle take?.How long does it take cells to copy their genomes?.How fast do molecular motors move on cytoskeletal filaments?.What are the rates of cytoskeleton assembly and disassembly?.What is the frequency of rotary molecular motors?.How fast are electrical signals propagated in cells?.How fast do proteasomes degrade proteins?.What is the maturation time for fluorescent proteins?.What is faster, transcription or translation?.What is the turnover time of metabolites?.How many ions pass through an ion channel per second?.What are the rates of membrane transporters?.How does temperature affect rates and affinities?.How many reactions do enzymes carry out each second?.What are the time scales for diffusion in cells?.
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